Guidelines For designing a foundation of building considering the problems faced in practice
Following are the points TO KEEP IN MIND BEFORE FOUNDATION DESIGN
There are, in foundation design, a number of practical construction problems and costs to be considered.
The chief ones are:
- The foundations should be kept as shallow as possible, commensurate with climatic effects on, and strength of, the surface soil; particularly in waterlogged ground. Excavation in seriously waterlogged ground can be expensive and slow.
- For heavy underground structure, shoring work design details should be described properly. Stiffness of the structure should be considerable.
- Foundation design should be economical & adopt modern technique to reduction in the costs of piling. Ground treatment work should be applied accordingly.
- Designers need to be more aware of the assumptions made in design, the variability of ground conditions, the occasional in-applicability of refined soil analyses and the practicality of construction.
- Soil investigation report should be made by a experienced Geo-technical Engineer. The assessment report should contain all necessary data..
- Effect of construction on ground properties, i.e. vibration from piling, deterioration of ground exposed by excavation in adverse weather conditions, removal of overburden, seasonal variation in the water-table, compaction of the ground by construction plant.
- Effect of varying shape, length and rigidity of the foundation, and the need for movement and settlement joints.
- After-effects on completed foundations of sulfate attack on concrete, ground movements due to frost heave, shrinkable clay, and the effects of trees; also changes in local environment, e.g. new construction, re-routing of heavy traffic, installation of plant in adjoining factories causing impact and vibration.
- Fast but expensive construction may be more economic than low-cost but slow construction to clients needing quick return on capital investment.
- Effect of new foundation loading on existing adjoining structures.
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